The text discusses a novel correlation coefficient of linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy sets and its application to medical diagnosis problems. It further explains neutrosophic cubic set-based aggregation operators for library ranking systems, and techniques for order performance by similarity to ideal solution. The text also introduces the new aggregation operators, similarity measures, and distance measures for the fuzzy sets and their extensions. This book: Introduce the new aggregation operators, similarity measures, and distance measures for the fuzzy sets and their extensions. Covers recent studies in the field of fuzzy optimization and decision making such as advanced decision-making algorithms. Highlights the application in the field of image processing and pattern recognition. Presents a technique for order performance by similarity to an ideal solution and VIKOR method for decision making. Explore the limitations of existing fuzzy decision-making approaches such as the malfunctioning of existing formulations. It is primarily written for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in fields including industrial engineering, manufacturing engineering, production engineering, mechanical engineering, and engineering mathematics.